![]() ![]() This is why a tidal bulge appears on both sides of Earth.įigure 13.22 The tidal force stretches Earth along the line between Earth and the Moon. The magnitude at the center of Earth is between these values. Hence, the gravitational force is greater on the near side than on the far side. One side of Earth is closer to the Moon than the other side, by a distance equal to Earth’s diameter. In Figure 13.22, we are looking “down” onto Earth’s North Pole. ![]() Let’s consider the effect of the Moon first. This is caused by a combination of Earth’s rotation about its axis and the gravitational attraction of both the Moon and the Sun. If you live on an ocean shore almost anywhere in the world, you can observe the rising and falling of the sea level about twice per day. They are responsible for the internal heat that creates the volcanic activity on Io, one of Jupiter’s moons, and the breakup of stars that get too close to black holes. These same tidal forces are present in any astronomical body. Ocean tides are the result of gravitational tidal forces. But the work of Newton is considered to be the beginning of the true understanding of the phenomenon. The origin of Earth’s ocean tides has been a subject of continuous investigation for over 2000 years. Describe how tidal forces affect binary systems.Describe how neap and leap tides differ.Explain the origins of Earth’s ocean tides.By the end of this section, you will be able to: ![]()
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